The Choctaw economy of the 1700s was based on farming and hunting. Although the tourism industry is inherently volatile, with visitation rising and falling in response to factors such as the rate of inflation and the cost of travel, tourist enterprises have contributed significantly to some tribal economies. For instance, in 2002 a national study by the South Carolina Rural Health Research Center found that about 35 percent of the rural Native American population in the United States lived below the poverty line; although this was about the same proportion as seen among rural African Americans, less than 15 percent of rural Euro-Americans had such low income levels. Factions within actual or potential host tribes often disagree about whether the storage or disposal of dangerous materials constitutes a form of self-imposed environmental racism or, alternatively, a form of capitalism that simply takes advantage of the liminal geographic and regulatory space occupied by native nations. Just prior to the Revolution, British tax rates stood at between 5-7%, dwarfing Americans' 1-1.5% tax rates. Although resisting the nomadic lifestyle, the Pawnee acquisition of the horse did produce important social and economic effects. Chief Justice John Marshall set Native Americans on the path to poverty in 1831 when he characterized the relationship between Indians and the government as "resembling that of a ward to his guardian.". highlights five pathways to target Native American economic advancement. Highway improvements in the 1950s and 60s opened opportunities for tourism in what had been remote areas, and a number of indigenous nations resident in scenic locales began to sponsor cultural festivals and other events to attract tourists. Studies of reservation income help to place the situation in perspective: in the early 21st century, if rural Native America had constituted a country, it would have been classified on the basis of median annual per capita income as a developing nation by the World Bank. To learn more about the socio-economic status of Native Americans, see NCRCs. On a sultry summer morning in late June, more than 500 people gathered to celebrate with the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation as the 900-member tribe, located about 30 miles east of . //
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