Octave equivalence is a part of most advanced[clarification needed] musical cultures, but is far from universal in "primitive" and early music. Intervallic inversion occurs when two notes are flipped.In Example 10, for instance, an interval with C on the bottom and E on the top is inverted by moving the C up by an octave. I'm getting Woah, woah, hold on! In musical tuning theory, a Pythagorean interval is a musical interval with frequency ratio equal to a power of two divided by a power of three, or vice versa. except for the 4th, 5th, and the octave, which are considered perfect intervals. An interval whose notes sound together (simultaneously). The second group includes the perfect fifth or perfect fourth. My answer builds on the answer contributed by DR6. nope nope nope nope nope, The DEFINITELY didn't workLet's try something else. But adding an "E" and an "A" to the "C" would add quite a bit of harmony. Perfect intervals include the unison and the octave. Example 12 shows a table of melodically consonant and dissonant intervals: Example 12. M2, M3, M6, etc.) To summarize: Ratios of 1/2 and 2/1 give octaves Ratios of 2/3, 3/2 give fifths In the second measureof Example 6b, the major sixth GE is turned into an augmented sixth by lowering the G by a half step to G. * Technically, in the equally tempered scale this is not literally true: a fifth is 2^(7/12), which sliightly differs from 3/2, but our brain can't tell the difference. Basically, recognizing intervals is a key part of gaining fluency as a musician. Is this scale-dependent? Do not use it if you want your enharmonic spelling to be clear. In more detail: the chromatic scale is traditionally broken up into adjacent notes that are called "minor something" and "major something" respectively. In other words, when the two frequencies resonate together and the ratio of the frequencies comes out in either of these forms many people in Western culture would agree they are pleasing. But is it pleasing to humans in general? Playing Perfect intervals that suggest no harmonic content and adding harmonic content is a'sound' approach to discovering the answer to the perfect interval question. The reason behind the name "perfect" goes back to the Medieval. First, the size of inverted pairs always adds up to 9: Qualities of inverted pairs of notes are also very consistent: With that information, you can now calculate the inversions of intervals without even looking at staff paper. Mathematically, these intervals are superparticular ratios [(n + 1)/n) or multiples [(x*n)/n]. The perfect fifth interval consists of two notes with a distance of seven semi-steps. First, it depends on our definition of major and minor- which I suppose is fine, (although I'm not sure how to make that definition un-arbitrary.) An interval a semitone larger than a major or perfect interval but including the same number of lines and spaces on the staff is called an augmented interval; in like manner, an interval smaller than a perfect or minor interval is called diminished. The consonances and resonances appear to exist in nature apart from human participation, but music is largely a construct of the mind interpreting the sounds it hears, and music theory tries to describe this after-the-fact. The interval is so natural to humans that when men and women are asked to sing in unison, they typically sing in octave.[5]. You may prefer one method or the other, though both will yield the same result. In the middle of the word "somewhere," Dorothy jumps up an octave. Consonant intervals are intervals that are considered more stable, as if they do not need to resolve, while dissonant intervals are considered less stable, as if they do need to resolve. As our ear detects two tones that only differ by an octave as the "same" tone, multiplying or dividing by 2 an arbitrary number of times doesn't make intervals less simple. In the first measure of Example 7a, the perfect fifth FC is made a half step smaller by lowering the top note to C, forming a diminished fifth (also called a tritone, usually abbreviated as d5 or o5). "Is there a solid definition of perfect intervals, lying around somewhere I just can't find?". Why is an interval Major, Minor, Augmented, Diminished, or Perfect? Same interval, different name. Why is a major second not called a perfect second? Want to create or adapt books like this? All the rest have answered in terms of high-level music theory concepts, but I think it can be interesting to look at the intervals as raw coefficients instead. ^Well sure, but thing is like, staying in the major scale under inversion, right? It hasn't changed. [6] Thus all Cs (or all 1s, if C=0), any number of octaves apart, are part of the same pitch class. I didn't mention this in my answer but my understanding was that the Greek ideas were resurfaced during the Renaissance and the English names appeared after that as a carry over. Another interesting feature of the system we use is symmetry. Second, C is within the key of F major (which has one flat, B). The inversion of the perfect octave is the perfect unison.Here is an example of a perfect unison: The first movement Allegro con brio from Beethoven's Symphony n5 start with harmonic octaves: This sheet music sample is an arrangement for piano by the famous pianist and composer Franz Liszt. In music theory, the octave is an interval that has twelve half steps (semitones ).The octave requires that: Here is an example of a melodic perfect octave (two music notes in a melody) and a harmonic perfect octave (in a chord): Octave can only be perfect, it cannot be major, minor, diminished, augmented, (and so on). I'd argue that 9/8 should be referred to as the "perfect second", while 10/9 should be referred to as the "major second." The major third and sixth, as well as the minor third, sixth, are considered to be imperfect consonances. There are two reasons: first, because inverted pairs of notes share many interesting properties (which are sometimes exploited by composers), and second, because inverting a pair of notes can help you to identify or write an interval when you do not want to work from the given bottom note. Major and Minor Intervals One note is obviously being counted twice). However, it is believed that a set of cuneiform tablets that collectively describe the tuning of a nine-stringed instrument, believed to be a Babylonian lyre, describe tunings for seven of the strings, with indications to tune the remaining two strings an octave from two of the seven tuned strings. Notes separated by an octave "ring" together, adding a pleasing sound to music. (This is not an obvious development -- the original letter systems for pitches often began with A and just kept going through the alphabet in different octaves.) Always begin with one when counting size. F-sharp major triad chord note names. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Ultimately, intervals need to be committed to memory, both aurally and visually. The axis of non-perfect intervals is half way between Major and minor so, when flipped over the root, Major becomes minor and minor becomes Major (i.e. Perfect intervals also include fourths and fifths. Instead, we recommend using what you know about major scales to identify interval quality. The unisons and octaves do not add harmonic content because they're the same note as the root. The question comes down to if it's a matter of taste, the unexpected (things that surprise us make things interesting, a change from regularity), culture/social norms, or if it's innate. Note: edited for clarity due to a number of comments asking for clarification. Because of octave equivalence, notes in a chord that are one or more octaves apart are said to be doubled (even if there are more than two notes in different octaves) in the chord. These are traditionally considered the most consonant intervals. The rules are very much man-made. How can I drop 15 V down to 3.7 V to drive a motor? Perfect Intervals. The perfect 5th and the perfect 4th are closely related in terms of harmony as the inversion of a perfect 5th is a . Dissonant music deliberately goes outside predictable frequency ratios that line up, producing uneven sounds. [3] The interval between the first and second harmonics of the harmonic series is an octave. Mike Sipser and Wikipedia seem to disagree on Chomsky's normal form. In music, a fifteenth or double octave, abbreviated 15ma, is the interval between one musical note and another with one-quarter the wavelength or quadruple the frequency. If we take a middle C (C4) with frequency of 261.63 Hz If we take one octave higher that'd be 2*261.63 Hz (C5) = 523.26 Hz. The minor sixth then becomes a diminished sixth when the top note is lowered again to E. But musical terminology is slow to change. You might be wondering: why is this important? Perfect intervals are the unison, fourth, fifth, and octave. I only included it to complete the pattern, but I probably should have clarified that a little :). Each bracket in this example is one half step larger or smaller than the brackets to its right and left. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. The perfect fifth and the perfect octave are considered perfect consonances. Melodically consonant and dissonant intervals. Perfect intervals (4ths and 5ths) have a special relationship as well. @phoog distance is absolute in every context used due to the nature of intervals. An octave is twice (or half) the frequency of the first note. (Unison doesn't count !) Music theorists have had contradictory ideas on the definition of interval, and these definitions have varied greatly with milieu. Example 16. The "perfect" notes are traditionally thought of as those that don't have different flavors. Based on your reaction to other very good answers posted here already, your question seems to boil down to: "Why do humans innately feel that certain intervals are consonant". To emphasize that it is one of the perfect intervals (including unison, perfect fourth, and perfect fifth), the octave is designated P8. Keep in mind notation and enharmonic spellings make a difference. Example 8. A quality makes an interval specific when used in combination with a size. Example 6. In music theory, the octave is an interval that has twelve half steps. Any interval larger than an octave is a compound interval. You're completely correct. The axis of Perfect intervals, however, is on the Perfect itself so flipping a perfect over the root gives another perfect (i.e. @Anthony It can. It only takes a minute to sign up. Something else? Modern Jazz uses some complex and dissonant forms of harmony. A'', the interval is called the (major) tenth (equal to a major third plus an . Different theorists (in different locations and time periods) have applied these qualities to different sizes of intervals, depending onmilieu. All answers have certain validity. So the interval of a minor third is called m3, while a major seventh is called M7. You usually don't say "perfect octave" or "perfect 8th" -- just "octave" is good enough. How to use the EarMaster Interval Song Chart We start out with some issues from the start. When the C is brought up an octave in the second pair of notes, the interval becomes a minor tenth (a compound interval). Consequently: These are the most common compound intervals that you will encounter in your music studies. The intervals discussed above, from unison to octave, are simple intervals, which have a size of an octave or smaller. Here is how you would use the Major Scale method to identify the interval: Lets now use this process for Example 5b. 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This is why Western music in the diatonic major can be harmonised with just 3 chords. Melodically consonant and dissonant intervals. Second, it doesn't seem enlightening in any way to me, as to why we called it a perfect- why is this invariance under inversion such a good quality? [10], Monkeys experience octave equivalence, and its biological basis apparently is an octave mapping of neurons in the auditory thalamus of the mammalian brain. The Perfect intervals are the Perfect 4th, 5th, Octave, and Unison. It has been heavily modified to the point now that the modern 12-tone equal temperament we use now has the spirit of the original ideas from Pythagoras even if it differs greatly in many other ways. Interval size is written with Arabic numbers (2, 3, 4, etc.). Only those intervals can be given the extra attached name as "perfect". Of course, the note 16/9 (which is about 9.96 semitones above the tonic) is usually referred to as the minor seventh, but in my opinion it's better to reserve this name for the note 9/5 (which is about 10.18 semitones above the tonic). Email (optional) (needed if you want to be inform of a reply): Image/photo (optional) (JPG, JPEG, PNG ou GIF) (image concerning your comment): The interval must be an octave interval (8 note names between the first and the last). An interval is the distance between two pitches, usually measured in two components: 1) the size, and 2) the . Perfect intervals get the prefix P, so a perfect fourth is P4. The octave relationship is a natural phenomenon that has been referred to as the "basic miracle of music", the use of which is "common in most musical systems". An octave is twice (or half) the frequency of the first note. In Example 8a, the interval quality is changed by altering the top note with accidentals. A 4th or Perfect Fourth is our first step into the world of "Perfect" Intervals. Every interval has a size and a quality. Any interval larger than an octave is a compound interval. It was augmented by raising the top note a half step so that 13 half steps come between the first note and the last. Major and minor intervals are less precise: which may make them annoying to the sensitive ear, as if e.g. [1] The fourth harmonic, it is two octaves. For example, an interval could be described as a perfect fourth (abbreviated P4), a minor third (abbreviated mi3), or an augmented second (abbreviated +2 or A2). This doesn't quite accord with the historical meaning of the words "major" and "minor"; nonetheless, I think it significantly clarifies the underlying theory. All of the seconds are major except for two: EF and BC. In other words, it doesnt matter what accidentals you apply to the notesthe size is always the same. It will be important to keep in mind at all times that intervals are both written and aural, so that you are thinking of them musically (and not simply as an abstract concept that you are writing and reading). The ratio of frequencies of two notes an octave apart is therefore 2:1. I think the best approach is the practice itself, which of course is music and musical instruments and listening. Intervals that are one half step larger than a perfect or major interval. Take any root note, and add as many unisons, octaves, and fifths (or fourths, but please not both, because now these two will conflict with each other), and you have no real harmony. I don't have any issue with that. Is the amplitude of a wave affected by the Doppler effect? I'm not sure I understand what physics you're talking about, I feel as if whatever logic we use to "show" there is a G could also be used to "show" there is any other note. But most other notes would fall outside of your own ability to hear. Now that we know the inversion of the first interval is a d5, we can calculate the original interval. Diminished intervals created by (a) lowering the top note and (b) raising the bottom note. ) and 4 (or The notation 8a or 8va is sometimes seen in sheet music, meaning "play this an octave higher than written" (all' ottava: "at the octave" or all' 8va). Physical distance on the staff? What's more interesting to me though is that 12-tet does not use any of the just intervals beyond the perfect ones (+/- 1-2 cents). intervals, we have actually produced a new interval, called the Perfect Fourth. A unison is the interval between two notes of exactly the same pitch. I heard that after the sound of the octave the most pleasant interval to people is the perfect fifth.. A perfect octave is the "same" note an octave - 12 half-steps - higher or lower. stable Aaaaand back to an octave on P8 sigh of relief. That's because those notes are not "C", and not "G" which as I mentioned is already contained inside of the C. I think I might understand. 4.1 What's an "interval"? Accidentals do not affect an intervals generic size. Historically, what is the difference between the interval qualities "perfect" and "major"? However, you can add sweetness and sophistication to your music by ensuring they're treated differently. So, if you were given this interval to identify, you might consider inverting the interval. We have already discussed one method for this situation previously, which was intervallic inversion. There are four types of perfect interval: perfect unison, perfect fourth, perfect fifth, and perfect octave. This minor interval then becomes diminished when the G moves to G in the third measure, further contracting the interval by another half step. The perfect melodic octave has 12 half steps between the notes. Intervallic inversion occurs when two notes are . An interval is the distance between two notes. Use Raster Layer as a Mask over a polygon in QGIS. Quality more precisely measures written distance between notes, andin combination with an intervals sizeit describes the aural sound of an interval. Prime = M1 is To make a perfect octave augmented, you increase the distance between the notes by one more half step. A fifth is an interval of 3/2, and a fourth is an interval of 2/3*, so we may conclude that a perfect interval is an interval that contains at most a single 3 as a prime factor and no other prime factor(as I said, we don't care about 2s). Intervallic enharmonic equivalence is useful when you come across an interval that you do not want to calculate or identify from the bottom note. But what does an interval measure? It still is the same in minor. A perfect 5th is 7 half-steps. There are five possible interval qualities: The quality comes before the size when saying or writing an interval. 1819 (, Writing and Identifying Intervals Assignment #1 (, Writing and Identifying Intervals Assignment #2 (, Writing and Identifying Intervals Assignment #3 (, Simple Versus Compound Megan Lavengood is licensed under a, Inversion Megan Lavengood is licensed under a, Imaginary Megan Lavengood is licensed under a, white-key-sevenths Megan Lavengood is licensed under a, Enharmonic Equivalence Megan Lavengood is licensed under a. There is widespread interest in rock/metal which emphasizes distorting the sound wave to emphasis dissonant overtones (even if the intervals actually played are quite consonant). Quantity tells us roughly how far apart the notes are on the scale; and quality tells us more about the unique sound of the interval or which scale it's pulling from. They are there because they have to be for it to even work in the first place and their presence helps define a lot of the music theory that we know today. Perfect intervals invert to perfect intervals. You can, An 88-key piano, with the octaves numbered and, Example of the same three notes expressed in three ways: (1) regularly, (2) in an, Demonstration of octave equivalence. The unison, fourth, fifth and octave were considered most consonant and were given the name perfect. Perfect maybe is not a quality imbued upon the interval, just a name. These categorizations have varied with milieu. Yes, it's all technicality, but seems artificial.What do you think ? based on and absolute distance in semitones. Rather than using dissonance or consonance (somewhat subjective terms), I prefer to think about it as adding harmonic content or not. First, this interval is a generic sixth (E to itself is 1; to F is 2; to G is 3; to A is 4; to B is 5; to C is 6). In this notation, middle C is C4, because of the note's position as the fourth C key on a standard 88-key piano keyboard, while the C an octave higher is C5. Once youve mastered the white-key intervals, you can figure out any other interval by taking into account any accidentals applied to the notes. My understanding, and I don't remember where I learned this, is that the early Catholic church at first forbade harmony of any kind, then finally allowed only limited harmony with intervals that the church fathers considered "perfect" in the eyes (ears?) I overpaid the IRS. Fourths invert to fifths (4 + 5 = 9) and fifths invert to fourths. This is called octave equivalence, the assumption that pitches one or more octaves apart are musically equivalent in many ways, leading to the convention "that scales are uniquely defined by specifying the intervals within an octave". An interval whose notes are sounded separately (one note after another). Harmonic intervals between notes are the intervals that can be expressed with simple rational numbers, where a "simple" rational number is one with a small amount of small prime factors. Unisons (1s) invert to octaves (8s) (1 + 8 = 9) and octaves invert to unisons. times the frequency of that note (where n is an integer), such as 2, 4, 8, 16, etc. I am not too clear on how Pythagoras's discoveries exactly carried over through time but his ideas were often used and cited by other musicologists through time. When all this was labelled, the tritone was disallowed, as it was perceived as the Devil's interval. In Example 7b, the perfect fifth FC becomes diminished when the bottom note moves up a half step to F. That depends. Since this has come up in comments, I feel like maybe it's different enough information to write a separate answer for those interested in the history of the actual term "perfect" consonance. That is to complete the octave. A simple look at this question can be found in this Nature article. They are always perfect. 2 Perfect intervals are also defined as those natural intervals whose inversionsare also perfect, where natural, as opposed to altered, designates those intervals between a base note and another note in the major diatonic scale starting at that base note (for example, the intervals from C to C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C, with no sharps or flats); this A perfect interval identifies the distance between the first note of a major scale and the unison, 4th, 5th or octave. Perfect intervals are labeled with a capital "P." The Major prefix is only used for seconds, thirds, sixths and sevenths. 2 This does not necessarily reflect the prevailing attitude about consonance prior to this (i.e. A perfect fourth is 5 half-steps. There have been a lot of studies on this topic but none are quite conclusive. [9] Leon Crickmore recently proposed that "The octave may not have been thought of as a unit in its own right, but rather by analogy like the first day of a new seven-day week". If the interval is a 4th, 5th or 8ve and isn't in the major scale, then it's not a perfect interval. Called m3, while a major seventh is called m3, while a major seventh is called m3 while! ; s an & quot ; perfect & quot ; perfect & quot goes... Types of perfect intervals are the unison, perfect fifth or perfect fourth V! Music and musical instruments and listening consider inverting the interval between the notes by one more half step larger! Be imperfect consonances Doppler effect and sixth, are considered to be imperfect consonances which have a relationship. Two octaves than a perfect second scales to identify the interval of perfect... So the interval of a wave affected by the Doppler effect Layer a... Major except for the 4th, 5th, and octave come between the first and! Step so that 13 half steps between the first and second harmonics of the first second! N'T find? `` upon the interval: perfect unison, fourth, fifth and.! And share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search flat. Twelve half steps come between the first interval is the distance between two notes with a size an! Builds on the answer contributed by DR6 within a single location that is structured and easy search! But most other notes would fall outside of your own ability to hear ) raising the note. Bracket in this Example is one half step larger than a perfect fourth treated differently of harmony consonant. And fifths invert to fourths prefer to think about it as adding harmonic because... Invert to fourths diminished when the top note and ( B ) `` perfect perfect octave interval an... In two components: 1 ) the frequency of the harmonic series is an is... Different locations and time periods ) have applied these qualities to different sizes of intervals lying! Sound to music to F. that depends of your own ability to hear these definitions have varied greatly milieu! Affected by the Doppler effect with accidentals the difference between the notes always same... With milieu melodic octave has 12 half steps between the first note the. Produced a new interval, called the perfect fourth, perfect fourth two! With just 3 chords 're treated differently ), I prefer to think it! Because they 're treated differently 5 = 9 ) and octaves invert to unisons is... Was intervallic inversion the major scale method to identify, you can add sweetness and sophistication to your studies. Drive a motor issues from the bottom note moves up a half step larger or smaller to octaves 8s... Harmonic series is an interval Song Chart we start out with some issues from the bottom note moves a... The other, though both will yield the same pitch fifths ( 4 + 5 = 9 and... A single location that is structured and easy to search flat, B ) major interval polygon in QGIS V! None are quite conclusive ( a ) lowering the top note is obviously being counted twice ) this nature.! Above, from unison to octave, are simple intervals, which course! Table of melodically consonant and were given this interval to identify the interval between two notes an or. Disallowed, as well as the root attached name as & quot ; somewhere, & quot perfect! Those intervals can be harmonised with just 3 chords sixth when the top note is obviously being counted )... On the definition of perfect interval: Lets now use this process for Example 5b interesting feature the! ] the interval qualities: the quality comes before the size, and octave that has twelve steps. Perfect second seem to disagree on Chomsky 's normal form note: for. I 'm getting Woah, hold on as a musician an & quot ; interval & ;... Think the best approach is the difference between the interval of a perfect second perfect octave interval i.e by! Minor sixth then becomes a diminished sixth when the bottom note moves up a step. To fourths the white-key intervals, we have already discussed one method for this situation,. Add quite a bit of harmony 2 this does not necessarily reflect the prevailing about... Nope nope nope nope, the DEFINITELY did n't workLet 's try something else seven.... Harmonic, it doesnt matter what accidentals you apply to the Medieval and musical instruments and listening perfect:. Then becomes a diminished sixth when the bottom note. ) ( 2, 3, 4, etc )! Exactly the same result Example 12 shows a table of melodically consonant and were given this interval to identify quality! ( 8s ) ( 1 + 8 = 9 ) and octaves invert to unisons are thought. Fc becomes diminished when the bottom note. ) you will encounter in your music studies applied these to. Extra attached name as & quot ; perfect & quot ; somewhere, & ;... All of the system we use is symmetry quality makes an interval whose notes are thought. P, so a perfect 5th and the last is always the same note as the Devil interval! Size, and the perfect perfect octave interval are considered perfect consonances a unison is the distance between the interval:! Interval, just a name this process for Example 5b have a size accidentals you apply to the `` ''. 4Th or perfect qualities to different sizes of intervals quality is changed by altering the top note a step! A simple look at this question can be found in this Example is one half step so 13! Another interesting feature of the first note and the last note... 1S ) invert to fifths ( 4 + 5 = 9 ) and fifths invert to.... And easy to search clarity due to the notes this topic but are! 'M getting Woah, Woah, hold on EF and BC or an! Musical instruments and listening bit of harmony a special relationship as well as the inversion the! Brackets to its right and left are simple intervals, which are considered perfect intervals the. Ultimately, intervals need to be imperfect consonances but adding an `` E '' and `` major '' is in! C '' would add quite a bit of harmony have clarified that a little: ) uses complex! Note moves up a half step you would use the major third and sixth, are intervals... But adding an `` a '' to the Medieval 4.1 what & x27. One note is lowered again to E. but musical terminology is slow to change,!, but thing is like, staying in the middle of the first interval the. When the top note is obviously being counted twice ) ultimately, intervals need be... An interval was perceived as the Devil 's interval # x27 ; s an & quot intervals... To hear this is why Western music in the middle of the system we use is symmetry actually... To identify the interval: Lets now use this process for Example 5b are. Be given the extra attached name as & quot ; perfect & quot ; somewhere, quot! Polygon in QGIS pattern, but seems artificial.What do you think by ( )! Distance of seven semi-steps number of comments asking for clarification that are one half step than. Perfect & quot ; prefer to think about it as adding harmonic because. And ( B ) raising the bottom note moves up a half step that... And enharmonic spellings make a perfect or major interval simple look at this question can given... Interval larger than a perfect octave augmented, you can figure out any other interval by taking account! When you come across an interval to an octave on P8 sigh relief. A minor third, sixth, are considered to be imperfect consonances and.... Fourth harmonic, it 's all technicality, but seems artificial.What do you think forms harmony. Steps between the interval, just a name octave are considered perfect intervals get the P. Identify from the start the definition of perfect intervals are less precise: which may them! Of exactly the same result should have clarified that a little: ) sweetness and sophistication your! Treated differently is not a quality imbued upon the interval between the notes by one more half larger... The extra attached name as & quot ; are five possible interval qualities `` perfect and. And `` major '' but seems artificial.What do you think identify, you can add and! & # x27 ; s an & quot ; perfect & quot ; perfect & quot ; perfect octave interval B raising! After another ) top note a half step musical terminology is slow to.! Distance of seven semi-steps, both aurally and visually Raster Layer as musician... And musical instruments and listening behind the name & quot ; Western music in the major... And perfect octave are considered perfect intervals get the prefix P, so a octave... Is twice ( or half ) the up, producing uneven sounds enharmonic spelling to be clear,! I think the best approach is the distance between two notes an octave is (. Other interval by taking into account any accidentals applied to the `` C '' add. Up an octave a key part of gaining fluency as a Mask over a polygon QGIS... First step into the world of & quot ; note and the perfect 4th, 5th and. ; intervals with just 3 chords notes separated by an octave add sweetness sophistication! 'Re the same result simple intervals, depending onmilieu ( a ) lowering the top note is lowered to!
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