This practice has deep cultural, ritual and religious roots dating back as many as 2,000 years. In the most extreme procedure, the clitoris and labia are cut away with any sharp object - glass, knife, scissors or razor blade. The primary reason for female genital mutilation was to prevent wives from having desires of sex and seek other men when the . According to the U.N.'s Children's Fund, UNICEF, over 125 million women have been cut in the 29 countries in Africa and the Middle East where circumcision is practised. Twenty-two of the 28 African countries in which Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is practiced have adopted legislations prohibiting it. Female Circumcision. Research lead covering Africa Get in touch with us now , Feb 1, 2022 In 2019, 24 percent of girls aged 15 to 19 years in East and Southern Africa had undergone female genital mutilation. Within West . International Journal of Africa . Somalia is the leading country in FGM with 98% of women between the ages of 15 and 49 years undergoing the practice. Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a traditional practice in which the external female genitalia is partially or totally incised or excised for a non-therapeutic . Clitoridectomy where the entire clitoris, the prepuce and adjacent labia are removed. The World Health Organization (WHO) divides FGM into four types. Kassindja was fleeing the practice of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) an act abhorred in the West but still done in large parts of Africa and the Middle East. Photo: Reuters. Some people in Africa believe that bodies are androgynous and that all male and female bodies contain male and female parts. Shell-Duncan and Hernlund question the accuracy of the "laundry list of adverse health outcomes" so pervasive in earlier works on FGC, noting that they often stem from . The surgical procedure is performed without the use of anesthetics (Circumcision Surgery). Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is a harmful traditional practice with severe health complications, deeply rooted in many Sub-Saharan African countries. Female genital mutilation is the practice of removing some or all of the external female reproductive organ for no medical purpose. Circumcized females have been discovered among the mummies of ancient Egyptians. Female genital mutilation is defined as the removal of part or all of the female genitalia for nonmedical reasons. : Though the issue of female genital cutting, or circumcision, has become a nexus for debates on cultural relativism, human rights, patriarchal oppression, racism, and Western imperialism, the literature has been separated by diverse fields of study. Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and female circumcision, is the ritual cutting or removal of some or all of the external female genitalia.The practice is found in some countries of Africa, Asia and the Middle East, and within communities abroad from countries in which FGM is common. It's most prevalent in Djibouti, Egypt, . FGM is the removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. Female genital mutilation (FGM) involves the partial or total removal of external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. In Africa this procedure is done to an estimated 101 million girls 10 years old and above, and only 18 % of it is done by healthcare providers. The History of Female Genital Mutilation in Africa. Female genital mutilation (FGM) refers to "all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons."[1] FGM is a violation of girls' and women's human rights. Background The DREAMS (Determined Resilient Empowered AIDS-free, Mentored and Safe) Partnership aims to reduce HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW,15-24y) with a core package of evidence-based interventions. The United Nations (2020) estimates that FGM has been performed on 200 million girls alive today, and in Africa as many as 3 million girls are at risk of being cut every year. Nov 24, 1993 — A. M. Rosenthal condemns female circumcision, a traditional practice common to many African and Arabic peoples, as female mutilation in Female genital mutilation is classified into 4 major types. This article describes an ethnographic study of the types of female circumcision, the reasons for and against the practice, the health implications of this practice, and cultural attitudes of circumcised women both in Western Africa and as migrant refugees . Sierra Leone has one of the highest rates of FGM in Africa.According to UNICEF figures from 2017, the practice has been performed on an estimated 86% of women and girls in the country. FILE - A counselor talks to a group of women to try to convince them that they should not have female genital mutilation performed on their daughters, in Minia, Egypt, June 2006. . Pharaonic circumcision) which is a clitoridectomy followed by sewing up of the vulva. Internationally, FGC is referred to as female genital 'mutilation' to reflect the extremity of the practice. Liberia is one of three West African countries that has not yet made female genital mutation (FGM) illegal. BattaBox travels to Oyo state in south-west Nigeria where female genital mutilation is still prevalent to meet with a traditional "cutter" who has the cultur. FGM is practiced in 31 countries in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Infibulation (a.k.a. It is usually performed in infancy or early childhood as a rite of passage but is performed on teens and adult women as well. It involves removal of the hood of the non-erectile foreskin over the head of the penis, which has little or no negative impact on the sexuality or future health of the male. Some interventions, including voluntary HIV counselling and testing and circumcision, will be targeted at the male sexual partners of AGYW. In western and northern parts of Africa it is mainly performed for religious reasons, whereas in southern parts of Africa it rarely performed in neonates, instead being a rite of passage into manhood. Female "circumcision" in Africa. Countries With The Highest Rates Of FGM/C . Researchers estimate more than 513,000 girls and women in the U.S. have experienced or are at risk of FGM/C. It also drains the countries' economic resources. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is practiced in many forms: Sunna circumcision in which the tip of the clitoris and/or its covering (prepuce) are removed. According to the UN, FGM is not just a human rights violation. In order of increasing severity, they are: Type 1: Sunna mutilation in which the prepuce (the clitoral covering or hood) is removed, along with part or all of the clitoris. ulceration of the genital region and injury to adjacent tissue. The opening chapter of Female "Circumcision" in Africa: Culture, Controversy, and Change, written by its editors, makes it clear we are in for quite a ride with this book. Type I is the removal of the clitoral hood and/or the clitoral glans. Female Circumcision: The History, the Current Prevalence and the Approach to a Patient Jewel Llamas April 2017 Introduction Female circumcision, also known as female genital mutilation (FGM) or female genital cutting (FGC), is practiced in many countries spanning parts of Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Parts of a woman's genitals will be circumcised without any reason . Despite a drop in recent years, female genital mutilation or circumcision is still practiced and valued in some 30 countries, mainly in Africa and the Middle East, under the belief that girls must . Many Somali women and girls, as well as women and girls from other parts of Africa, have fled their homelands and gone into exile in Europe and America to escape circumcision and infibulation . Female genital mutilation in Africa: Scoping the landscape of evidence. Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a traditional practice in which the external female genitalia is partially or totally incised or excised for a non-therapeutic reason, usually without the consent of the individual. Female genital mutilation/cutting in Africa: A complex legal and ethical landscape While international and regional human rights instruments have recognized female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) as one of the most prevalent forms of violence against women and girls, in many African states FGM/C is a deeply entrenched cultural practice. Short-term risks include terrible aches, extended bleeding, infection, genital swelling, fever, and death and long-term problems include urinary, vaginal, menstrual complications, infertility, HIV transmission, reduced pleasure and increased pain during sex, postpartum haemorrhage, stillbirth, early neonatal death, etc. The man, who calls himself Alhaji Adebayo, posted. The first module on FGM/C was included in the 2000 MICS in the Central African . urine retention. FGM is still integral to some communities where girls who don't get cut risk facing stigma and alienation A woman holds a razor blade after performing a mutilation. The most common disease bring about female circumcision is urinary tract infection because of the inability to pass urine due to pain, swelling, and inflammation following the operation. The South African context is very complex when it comes to circumcision, despite the fact that the practice is a science, it continues to be practiced in a traditional way. Lagos, Nigeria CNN — A Nigerian man has caused outrage after he posted graphic pictures on Facebook showing children apparently being circumcised. Some immediate complications include: severe pain. Thirty countries in Africa, the Middle East and Asia still have not . Female Genital Circumcision (FGM) is widely practiced throughout 30 countries in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia, although the World Health Organization (WHO) considers the highly dangerous . In Ghana and Benin, for example, FGM has been prohibited and criminalised. So a man's foreskin is a female part. Female circumcision, also known as female genital mutilation (FGM)), encompasses a painful and invasive surgical procedure which is usually performed on young women before they reach puberty. Orthodox Jews pass baby infant Mendl Teichtal to one another before his circumcision at the Chabad Lubawitsch Orthodox Jewish synagogue on March 3,. In the village of . Abstract: This paper presents an overview of female circumcision in Africa. The condition in which female circumcision is carried out in Africa has led to significant complications like hemorrhage, shock, and infection (Althaus). It is practiced by the indigenous communities, and by the Christian and . Due to men's own insecurities of their wives being possibly unfaithful during their long absences, they came up with a terrible strategy. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a social phenomenon that is deeply rooted in African socio-cultural and religious facets. . Female genital mutilation (FGM), also called female circumcision, is the ritualistic removal of all or part of a girl's genitalia for non-medical reasons. 1 Worldwide, as many as 140 million girls and women alive today have been . It covers a sequence of procedures carried out on the genitals of females of different ages, including total or partial removal of the female external genitalia or other injuries to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. FGM is a violation of the human rights of girls and women. One of those which still survives is the practice of female circumcision with its long past and its serious health complications (Taba, 1980: 21). Abstract. . Sierra Leone has one of the highest rates of FGM in Africa.According to UNICEF figures from 2017, the practice has been performed on an estimated 86% of women and girls in the country. Guinea, Djibouti, and Egypt also have more than 90% of their women between the same ages going for circumcision.However, Egypt has the highest number of women who have undergone FGM with a total of 27.2 million women followed by . It covers all procedures that involve the . What the GM/C procedure involves: Female Genital Mutilation and Cutting (GM/C) is practiced in many forms. This is called Clitoridectomy, Sunna, meaning removal of the . Somalia has witnessed a "massive" rise in female genital mutilation (FGM) as girls are kept home from school due to lockdown restrictions during the coronavirus pandemic, a report said Monday. Including voluntary HIV counselling and testing and circumcision, will be targeted at the Chabad Lubawitsch Jewish... 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