< 1 . Conclude by setting your discussion into a different, perhaps larger, context. The introduction describes why the results needed to be obtained, the methods how they were obtained and the discussion explains the results. Other, longer case studies about more complex projects may . The Discussion section follows the Results and precedes the Conclusions and Recommendations section. How to write a discussion in a lab report + examples How to Write a Conclusion for a Lab Report 1. Most papers require five different sections for the Discussion, although the order may vary depending on the requirements of the paper. An effective discussion section tells the reader what your study means and why it is important. Revised on It is here that the authors indicate the significance of their results. Click on the question, to see the answer. The conclusion will be found at the ending of the discussion or as a stand-alone section that follows the discussion section (Oermann and Hays 2019). Describe succinctly, using the results obtained, the nature of the knowledge gap your work attempts to address. Typically, a detailed analysis of findings is provided in the conclusion section, including the . The readers need to feel that you delivered on your promise and that reading your paper was a good use of their time. Start this section by reiterating your research problem and concisely summarizing your major findings. // ]]>. The purpose of this section is to highlight the major statistical findings from the results section and interpret them. Example Source Some vocabulary for discussion essays is also given, and there is an example discussion essay on the topic of studying overseas. It draws a main conclusion and links to the recommendations by showing a need for action. Example Of Discussion And Conclusion In Research Paper The experts well detail out the effect relationship between the two given subjects and underline the importance of such a relationship in your writing. Principal findings Household experiences with the TLUD stove were complex, influenced by multiple factors including the fuel market, knowledge of the appropriate type of wood to use and ways to operate the stove, stove cost and smoke, stove design, and social perception of the stove. There is often overlap between the discussion and conclusion, and in some dissertations these two sections are included in a single chapter. Writing a dissertation conclusion. This is especially the case in shorter research papers and journal articles. All explanations must be supported by the results of the data analysis. } You are in the prime of your life and hopeful about the bright future ahead. Reiterate supporting points The way the authors interpret their results may be quite different from the way you would interpret them or the way another researcher would interpret them. 3. For example, it offers convenient health care on the patient's time schedule therefore saving travel time for those in rural areas. Regardless of what journal you are submitting to, the discussion section always serves the same purpose: concluding what your study results actually mean. Explain the significance of these limitations to the validity of your findings, too. The goal of the discussion and conclusion section is to use the results collected during the research to fully answer the questions you have raised in the introduction section. The numbers in brackets refer to references listed at the end of their paper (not shown here). The final section of the paper is the Conclusion section. At the end of your discussion and conclusions, state your main conclusions once again. A ceiling effect also most likely influenced performance on the Equivalence task, with most students having nearly perfect scores. The Discussion usually serves as the conclusion. Whats the difference between the discussion and the conclusion? This section also usually discusses the limitations of the study and speculates on what the results say about the problem(s) identified in the research question(s). After noting the limitations, you can reiterate why the results are nonetheless valid for the purpose of answering your research question. You must relate to the major findings of your research and answer the research questions that your study raised. It helps readers to assess the implication as well as future direction . Which of the following is a good example of a sentence you would find in the Discussion section of a lab report? Based on the discussion of your results, you can make recommendations for practical implementation or further research. Were there any problems with the treatment? 5.2. The meaning of your results may seem obvious to you, but its important to spell out their significance for your reader, showing exactly how they answer your research question. as a "Conclusion" subsection or as an independent section that follows the Discussion section). In your conclusion, you should briefly mention each animal again. Proper introduction and conclusion paragraphs examples will make the idea clear. Therefore, direct instruction in study skills is necessary. Educators can only change their own behavior; they cannot change the government. This observation has previously been made in women [8,16]. Focus on how your conclusion of the dissertation can help achieve study's goals. An example paragraph from a Discussion section is given below: This study found that Nigerian teachers have a mix of beliefs regarding early literacy development, some accurate beliefs and other inaccurate beliefs. What goes in the discussion chapter of a dissertation? Here are some practical steps to guide you along the way: Use active voice as it helps you eliminate wordiness and awkward phrasing usually associated with passive voice. Student years are the best time of one's life. In fact, start by reminding your readers of study goals and issues. e.style.display="block" The teachers sampled in this study were accurate in their agreement about the importance of oral language. 2. Limitations arent about listing your errors, but about providing an accurate picture of what can and cannot be concluded from your study. Educational researchers need to continue conducting empirical research to ascertain the factors that contribute to cheating amongst students. Paraphrase your argument slightly while still preserving the primary point. If your findings are preliminary, suggest future studies that need to be carried out. Keep the list brief in fact, do not include more than two recommendations. Shona McCombes. Structure Of Dissertation Conclusion Sample. Your overall aim is to show the reader exactly what your research has contributed, and why they should care. (2022, October 10). A well-organized manuscript generally follows the IMRaD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) format to convey the relevant information to the target audience. Your discussion includes the conclusion, but it is not the inclusion itself. For instance, in the graph provided of . Discussion and Conclusions Future research needs recommendations are valuable inputs for researchers, funders, and advocates making decisions about avenues for future scientific exploration. A discussion in a research paper is a review of the main argument or hypothesis. If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the Cite this Scribbr article button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator. The client can ask any questions about the writing and express special preferences. You can use any method that works for you to write th body paragraphs of your essay. 2. That is what makes writing discussion and conclusion chapter so challenging. An introduction and conclusion are the two main parts of any academic paper. The 1-bromobutane was isolated by stirring the distillate in 250 mL of distilled water because the side products as well as the water are less dense than the 1-bromobutane. Your job here is to show how the results answer your hypothesis. An effective introduction must pique the reader's curiosity. Use this sample for your inspiration on how to write a research paper conclusion that will guarantee you an "A." "Teenage pregnancies are on the rise like bush fire. Occasionally, the results and discussion will be combined into one chapter. What not to include in your discussion section, Frequently asked questions about discussion sections, The study demonstrates a correlation between , Discussing whether the results met your expectations or supported your, Contextualizing your findings within previous research and theory, Explaining unexpected results and evaluating their significance, Considering possible alternative explanations and making an argument for your position, Contrary to the hypothesized association , The results contradict the claims of Smith (2007) that . The conclusion is more shorter and more general: it concisely answers your main research question and makes recommendations based on your overall findings. Discuss the limitations of your study, if any, and their relevance to the interpretation of the results. Nearly every research article ends by inviting other scholars to continue the work by saying that more research needs to be done on the matter. The tone needs to be critical and unapologetic. The graphs presented in the protocols were used to identify the two colored bands. The systematic review consisted of 50 articles which acknowledged an array of barriers to mental health services among Asians . It should include: the results of your research, a discussion of related research, and. This is the period that leaves the funniest photos, the sweetest memories, and gives you the most faithful friends. In the conclusion, she refers back to the blue armchair and that cozy world but also looks forward to finding her niche. This is where the authors provide the data collected during their study. The Discussion section follows the Results and precedes the Conclusions and Recommendations section. e.style.display="none" If they challenge existing theories, why do you think that is? Elaborate on the significance of the most important findings. They answer the question, Why did we get the results we did? This section provides logical explanations for the results from the study. Regardless, a blind administration of the experiment would have been desirable. In conclusion, our experiment was very successful. CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Research Design 3.2.1 Research Purpose 3.2.2 Research Approach 3.2.3 Research Strategy 3.3 Population and Sampling Design 3.3.1 Population The population of a study basically refers to the total number of people in the form of a thorough headcount of all elements the findings of the . The reader needs to know whether your findings are in agreement with existing knowledge and the expectations that arise from such knowledge. Since the researchers interpret their results according to theoretical underpinnings in this section, there is more room for difference of opinion. What other unexpected problems arose in the data collection? The discussion interprets the meaning of the results, puts them in context, and explains why they matter. It is here that the authors indicate the significance of their results. Discussion essays are a common form of academic writing. Subsequently, the major findings of the study are discussed. How to Write an Organized . Why or why not? In order to undertake the analysis, the opinions of respondents have been collected through questionnaire method. Unlike in previous studies on dog training, most of the dogs in this study retained the ability to perform tricks for up to six weeks after the initial training sessions.c. Many students struggle with the differences between a discussion section and a results section. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 5.0 Introduction This chapter reviews the research that has been carried out. This form of physical separation works because even though the components are mixed together, they retain their own characteristics, so iron remained magnetic even . Note that it includes everything mentioned above: notably research outcomes, limitations, interpretations, and avenues for future research. [CDATA[ Try not to blend elements of these two sections, in order to keep your paper sharp. This study provided evidence that primary school teachers in Nigeria need additional professional development to improve their beliefs about literacy development so they can be more effective literacy instructors. When you first skim an article, it may be useful to go straight to the Conclusion and see if you can figure out what the thesis is since it is usually in this final section. End the paper with a brief, concise summary that explains the big-picture impact of your research. In the discussion, you explore the meaning and relevance of your research results, explaining how they fit with existing research and theory. Describe the significance of the result and why it matters while mentioning the limitations of your findings. 5.3. The crux of the matter is that your results sections should present your results, and your discussion section should subjectively evaluate them. a. Once you've discussed the most important findings of your study in the Results section, you will use the Discussion section to interpret those findings and talk about why they are important (some instructors call this the Conclusion section). Draw conclusions and make recommendations only directly related to the purpose and results of the study. State Whether Your Experiment Succeeded Lab report conclusion examples Further Readings Nonetheless you are being paid to give an answer. A successful discussion section puts your findings in context. Begin by discussing the research question and talking about whether it was answered in the research paper based on the results. This should be no more than one paragraph. What did it show themand what are they showing usabout the topic? Summarize Your Findings in Conclusion of Dissertation. Indeed, with the lack of materials often available for early childhood educators in Nigerian classrooms, instruction focused on oral language may be one of the most successful and cost-effective ways of improving early literacy skills. Each section is described separately below. Step 1: Start by Answering the Thesis Questions. You do not have a crystal ball, and you can never guarantee a result. Sometimes, the recommendations are saved for the conclusion. Figs. For example, it's not that you want to merely discuss climate change in general, but instead want to discuss the effects on yearly temperatures and how citizens can act. To be honest, there is no specific plan that you should follow to cope with this type of writing. The suggestions you make in the discussion and conclusion section should inspire other seekers of knowledge to carry out relevant studies that build upon the new knowledge you have presented. I frequently read that the study was limited by time, money, or other resources. Also try to integrate the findings into the results of other research studies. Discussion and conclusion - Developing a model of mental health self-care support for children and young people through an integrated evaluation of available types of provision involving systematic review, meta-analysis and case study - NCBI Bookshelf An official website of the United States government Here's how you know Log in However, the teachers at Tonganoxie Elementary School commented that students from a range of ability levels participated in the study. is here to help you! Occasionally, the results and discussion will be combined into one chapter. How to Write a Discussion Section | Tips & Examples. Writing the discussion and conclusion can be difficult, and can leave you feeling immobilised for days, unable to finish your paper. The study is developed on the basis of a mixed approach where both qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. UX case studies must be kept short, and, when considering the length of your beginning, process and conclusion sections, it's the beginning and the conclusion sections that should be the shortest of all. Examples of Short- and Long-Term Writing Goals . Therefore, you need to get a discussion chapter writing servicethat knows how to write discussion and conclusion chapter of dissertation. Show how your arguments are stronger than those of others who are of contrary views. Next, give recommendations based on the results of the study. Yu cn write a short paragraph for each paragraph. Everybody in Nigeria knows that schools need more materials and teachers need higher salaries Draw conclusions and make recommendations that are meaningful, unique, and relate to the results of the study. Notice how the authors relate their results to what is already known about the topic. According to . There are a few common mistakes to avoid when writing the discussion section of your paper. As expected, those who maintained a high physical activity level had the lowest risk of hip fracture, but there was also a tendency towards a lower risk of fracture for those who increased their level of activity compared with those who reduced their level of activity, or compared with those who reported constant low activity. The introduction usually starts with a hook. As well as giving your own interpretations, make sure to relate your results back to the scholarly work that you surveyed in the literature review. Include and Analyze Final Data 4. There are several possible mechanisms, related to muscle performance and balance as well as to bone architecture and strength, whereby physical activity can reduce the risk of fractures [28,29]. It should focus on explaining and evaluating what you found, showing how it relates to your literature review, and making an argument in support of your overall conclusion. However, in a thesis or dissertation, it's common practice to include a final chapter that wraps up your research and gives the reader a final impression of your work, separate from your discussion . The fourth step in writing up your discussion chapter is to acknowledge the limitations of the study. Discussion and Conclusion Gurjit and I were able to collect two different colored bands. Writing your dissertation's implications and conclusion summary can be challenging. What is an example of a conclusion? 1. It is not the place to talk about the results, the methods use, or the original hypothesis. In an empirical research study, the conclusions and recommendations must be directly related to the data that was collected and analyzed. if(e.style.display=="none"){ The language used to discuss such . The conclusion was well-organized and the report was not bereft of the conclusion outlines not excluding the RERUN Method. The introduction is the first thing your readers see when they come across your essay. There should not be any discussion in the results . However, results cannot be valid unless they are reliable. Point out some previous studies and draw comparisons on how your study is different. The conclusion section can also include lessons learned and future research areas that could shed further light on the current experiment. Assuming you handled every other section well, there is no reason your dissertation should fail. However, if the data analysis found that the new teaching program does not improve mathematical exam scores, then the researcher cannot conclude that the new teaching program should be implemented, because the program was found to be ineffective in improving exam scores. Dont just state that more studies should be donegive concrete ideas for how future work can build on areas that your own research was unable to address. 5. For example, if you write a paper about zoo animals, each paragraph would probably be about one particular animal. Additional research needs to be conducted to determine how well early childhood education teachers use instructional strategies that promote oral language in the classroom. What is an example of a conclusion? if(!e)return true; The obvious choices for compassion in the Hunger Games may be Katniss or Peeta, but the character who personifies compassion best was Prim. Analytical Essay Conclusion Examples Topic #1: Analyze the theme of compassion for one character in the Hunger Games series. Simply put, look at the key topics in the conclusion and recommendations. There is often overlap between the discussion and conclusion, and in some dissertations these two sections are included in a single chapter. Ten dogs with no previous training were selected for the study.b. When writing this section, the author delves into the importance, meaning, and relevance of the results. 4. What problems resulted from the study's procedures? Conclude by redefining one of the key terms of your argument. Provide a future perspective on the work. It's not so, and their difference is quite obvious. Other times, they are presented together. Notice how the first sentence provides the empirical support for the recommendation. The form of your interpretations will depend on the type of research, but some typical approaches to interpreting the data include: You can organize your discussion around key themes, hypotheses, or research questions, following the same structure as your results section. After the recommendations have been written, reread each recommendation. Chromatography Lab Conclusion. It is time to show how your work filled the knowledge gap you talked about in the introduction. It should not be a second results section. What not to include in your discussion section Step 1: Summarize your key findings Step 2: Give your interpretations Step 3: Discuss the implications Step 4: Acknowledge the limitations Step 5: Share your recommendations Discussion section example Frequently asked questions about discussion sections What not to include in your discussion section Often, the authors provide specific details about future possible studies that could or should be conducted in order to make more sense of their own studys conclusions. . Step 2: Summarize the Thesis Findings. McCombes, S. Below is the example from the discussion section: This study implied that being a high school principal in the State of Arizona could be an intrinsically, extrinsically . //
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